Hita ea motlakase ke sesebelisoa se futhumatsang lefatše se tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara.E sebelisetsoa ho futhumatsa, ho boloka mocheso le ho futhumatsa ha metsi a phallang le mecha ea khase.Ha mocheso oa mocheso o feta ka kamoreng ea ho futhumatsa ea mocheso oa motlakase tlas'a khatello ea khatello, molao-motheo oa thermodynamics ea mokelikeli o sebelisoa ho tlosa mocheso o moholo o hlahisoang ke mocheso oa mocheso oa motlakase, e le hore mocheso oa mocheso o futhumetseng o kopane. litlhoko tsa thekenoloji tsa mosebedisi.
Resistance Heating
Sebelisa phello ea Joule ea motlakase ho fetola matla a motlakase ho matla a mocheso ho futhumatsa lintho.Hangata e arotsoe ka mocheso o tobileng oa ho hanyetsa le mocheso o sa tobang oa ho hanyetsa.Motlakase oa motlakase oa pele o sebelisoa ka ho toba ho ntho e lokelang ho futhumatsoa, 'me ha ho e-na le ho phalla hona joale, ntho e lokelang ho futhumatsoa (e kang tšepe ea mocheso oa motlakase) e tla futhumatsa.Lintho tse ka futhumatsang ka kotloloho e tlameha ho ba li-conductors tse nang le matla a phahameng a ho hanyetsa.Kaha mocheso o hlahisoa ke ntho e futhumetseng ka boeona, ke ea ho futhumatsa ka hare, 'me katleho ea mocheso e phahame haholo.Ho futhumatsa ka mokhoa o sa tobang ho hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa alloy kapa lisebelisoa tse se nang tšepe ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa, tse hlahisang matla a mocheso le ho li fetisetsa ho ntho e futhumetseng ka mahlaseli, convection le conduction.Kaha ntho e lokelang ho futhumatsoa le mocheso o futhumatsang o arotsoe likarolo tse peli, mefuta ea lintho tse futhumatsang hangata ha e na moeli, 'me ts'ebetso e bonolo.
Thepa e sebelisoang bakeng sa mocheso oa mocheso o sa tobang oa ho futhumatsa hangata o hloka hore ho be le resistivity e phahameng, mocheso o monyenyane oa ho hanyetsa, deformation e nyenyane ka mocheso o phahameng 'me ha ho bonolo ho ebrittle.Hangata ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse kang tšepe-aluminium alloy, nickel-chromium alloy, le lisebelisoa tse seng tsa tšepe tse kang silicon carbide le molybdenum disilicide.Mocheso o sebetsang oa lisebelisoa tse futhumatsang tsa tšepe o ka fihla ho 1000～1500℃ ho latela mofuta oa thepa;mocheso o sebetsang oa lintho tse futhumatsang tse se nang tšepe o ka fihla ho 1500 ~ 1700 ℃.Ea ho qetela e bonolo ho e kenya 'me e ka nkeloa sebaka ke sebōpi se chesang, empa e hloka motlakase oa motlakase ha o sebetsa,' me bophelo ba eona bo khutšoanyane ho feta ba lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa alloy.Ka kakaretso e sebelisoa liboping tsa mocheso o phahameng, libaka tseo mocheso o fetang mocheso o amohelehang oa ho sebetsa oa lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa tšepe le liketsahalo tse ling tse khethehileng.
Ho futhumatsa ha Induction
Mokhanni ka boeona o halefile ka phello ea mocheso e entsoeng ke hona joale (eddy current) e hlahisoang ke mokhanni sebakeng se fapaneng sa motlakase.Ho latela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea ho futhumatsa, maqhubu a phepelo ea matla a AC a sebelisoang ho futhumatsa a induction a kenyelletsa maqhubu a matla (50-60 Hz), maqhubu a mahareng (60-10000 Hz) le maqhubu a phahameng (ho feta 10000 Hz).Phepelo ea matla a maqhubu a motlakase ke phepelo ea motlakase ea AC e sebelisoang hangata indastering, 'me boholo ba maqhubu a motlakase lefatšeng ke 50 Hz.Matla a sebelisoang ho sesebelisoa sa induction ka phepelo ea motlakase ea maqhubu a motlakase bakeng sa ho futhumatsa e tlameha ho fetoloa.Ho ea ka matla a lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa le matla a marang-rang a matla a motlakase, motlakase o matla oa motlakase (6-10 kV) o ka sebelisoa ho fana ka matla ka mochine oa motlakase;lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa li ka boela tsa kopanngoa ka ho toba le marang-rang a matla a tlaase a 380-voltage.
Motlakase oa maqhubu a mahareng o sebelisitse jenereithara ea maqhubu a mahareng nako e telele.E na le jenereithara ea maqhubu a mahareng le enjene e khannang asynchronous.Matla a hlahisoang ke li-unit tse joalo ka kakaretso a maemong a 50 ho isa ho 1000 kilowatts.Ka nts'etsopele ea mahlale a elektroniki a matla, phepelo ea motlakase ea maqhubu a mahareng a thyristor inverter e sebelisitsoe.Phepelo ena ea maqhubu a mahareng e sebelisa thyristor ho qala ho fetolela maqhubu a motlakase a feto-fetohang hore e be hona joale ka kotloloho, ebe e fetolela hona joale hore e be ea maqhubu a feto-fetohang a maqhubu a hlokahalang.Ka lebaka la boholo bo bonyenyane, boima bo bobebe, ha ho lerata, ts'ebetso e ka tšeptjoang, joalo-joalo ea thepa ena ea ho fetola maqhubu, butle-butle e nkile sebaka sa jenereithara ea maqhubu a mahareng.
Motlakase oa maqhubu a phahameng hangata o sebelisa transformer ho phahamisa motlakase oa mekhahlelo e meraro ea 380 volt ho matla a phahameng a ka bang 20,000 volts, ebe o sebelisa thyristor kapa high-voltage silicon rectifier ho lokisa maqhubu a motlakase a chenchanang hona joale ho ea hona joale ka ho toba, ebe o sebelisa tube ea oscillator ea elektroniki ho lokisa maqhubu a matla.Direct current e fetoloa ho ba maqhubu a phahameng, matla a phahameng a alternating current.Matla a hlahisoang ke thepa ea phepelo ea motlakase ea maqhubu a phahameng a tloha ho mashome a kilowatt ho isa ho makholo a kilowatt.
Lintho tse futhumetseng ka ho kenya letsoho li tlameha ho ba li-conductor.Ha maqhubu a phahameng a alternating a ntse a feta ka mokhanni, mokhanni o hlahisa phello ea letlalo, ke hore, boima ba hona joale holim'a mokhanni bo boholo, 'me boima ba hona joale bohareng ba mokhanni bo nyenyane.
Ho futhumatsa ha induction ho ka futhumatsa ntho ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ka kakaretso le lera la bokaholimo;e ka foqoha tšepe;ka maqhubu a phahameng, fetola sebopeho sa coil e futhumatsang (eo hape e tsejoang e le inductor), hape e ka futhumatsa sebaka se sa reroang.
Arc Heating
Sebelisa mocheso o phahameng o hlahisoang ke arc ho futhumatsa ntho.Arc ke ts'ebetso ea ho tsoa ha khase lipakeng tsa li-electrode tse peli.Motlakase oa arc ha o phahame empa hona joale o moholo haholo, 'me matla a eona a matla a bolokiloe ke palo e kholo ea li-ion evaporated holim'a electrode, kahoo arc e ameha habonolo ke matla a khoheli a potolohileng.Ha arc e thehoa pakeng tsa li-electrode, mocheso oa mohala oa arc o ka fihla ho 3000-6000K, o loketseng ho qhibiliha ha tšepe ka mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso.
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea ho futhumatsa arc, ho futhumatsa ka ho toba le ka tsela e sa tobang.Mocheso oa arc oa mocheso o tobileng oa arc o feta ka ho toba nthong e lokelang ho futhumatsoa, 'me ntho e lokelang ho futhumatsoa e lokela ho ba electrode kapa medium ea arc.Mocheso oa arc oa mocheso o sa tobang oa arc ha o fete ka har'a ntho e futhumetseng, 'me o futhumetse haholo-holo ke mocheso o hlahisoang ke arc.Litšobotsi tsa ho futhumatsa arc ke: mocheso o phahameng oa arc le matla a mangata.Leha ho le joalo, lerata la arc le leholo, 'me litšobotsi tsa eona tsa volt-ampere ke litšobotsi tse mpe tsa ho hanyetsa (litšoaneleho tsa ho theoha).E le ho boloka botsitso ba arc ha arc e futhumetse, boleng ba hang-hang ba motlakase oa potoloho bo boholo ho feta boleng ba motlakase oa arc-starting ha motlakase oa arc hang-hang o tšela zero, 'me e le ho fokotsa nako e khutšoanyane ea potoloho, mohanyetsi oa boleng bo itseng o tlameha ho kopanngoa letotong la potoloho ea matla.
Ho futhumatsa Beam ea Elektrone
Bokaholimo ba ntho bo futhumetse ka ho phunya holim'a ntho ka li-electrone tse tsamaeang ka lebelo le phahameng tlas'a ketso ea tšimo ea motlakase.Karolo e ka sehloohong ea ho futhumatsa beam ea elektrone ke jenereithara ea beam ea elektronike, e tsejoang hape e le sethunya sa electron.Sethunya sa elektrone se entsoe haholo ka cathode, condenser, anode, lense ea motlakase le coil e khelohang.Anode e thehiloe, cathode e amana le boemo bo bobe bo phahameng, sefate se tsepamisitsoeng hangata se na le bokhoni bo tšoanang le ba cathode, 'me tšimo ea motlakase e potlakisang e thehoa pakeng tsa cathode le anode.Li-electrone tse hlahisoang ke cathode li potlakisetsoa ho lebelo le phahameng haholo tlas'a ts'ebetso ea tšimo ea motlakase e potlakileng, e tsepamisitsoeng ke lense ea motlakase, ebe e laoloa ke coil e khelohileng, e le hore sefate sa elektronike se lebisitsoe ho ntho e futhumetseng ka ntho e itseng. tataiso.
Melemo ea ho futhumatsa mollo oa elektronike ke: (1) Ka ho laola boleng ba hona joale Ie ea sefate sa elektronike, matla a ho futhumatsa a ka fetoloa habonolo le ka potlako;(2) Karolo e futhumetseng e ka fetoloa ka bolokolohi kapa sebaka sa karolo e hlasetsoeng ke lebone la elektronike se ka lokisoa ka bolokolohi ka ho sebelisa lense ea motlakase;Eketsa matla a matla e le hore thepa e sebakeng se phahamisitsoeng e fetohe mouoane hang-hang.
Ho futhumatsa ha infrared
Ho sebelisa mahlaseli a infrared ho khantša lintho, ka mor'a hore ntho e monye mahlaseli a infrared, e fetola matla a mahlaseli hore e be matla a mocheso 'me a futhumale.
Infrared ke leqhubu la motlakase.Sebakeng sa mahlaseli a letsatsi, ka ntle ho ntlha e khubelu ea leseli le bonahalang, ke matla a sa bonahaleng a mahlaseli.Sebokeng sa motlakase, bolelele ba maqhubu a mahlaseli a infrared bo pakeng tsa 0.75 le 1000 microns, 'me maqhubu a pakeng tsa 3 × 10 le 4 × 10 Hz.Lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri, mahlaseli a infrared a atisa ho aroloa ka lihlopha tse 'maloa: 0.75-3.0 microns ke libaka tse haufi le infrared;3.0-6.0 microns ke libaka tse bohareng ba infrared;6.0-15.0 microns ke libaka tse hole tsa infrared;15.0-1000 microns ke libaka tse hole haholo tsa infrared Area.Lintho tse fapaneng li na le bokhoni bo fapaneng ba ho monya mahlaseli a infrared, esita le ntho e tšoanang e na le bokhoni bo fapaneng ba ho monya mahlaseli a infrared a maqhubu a fapaneng.Ka hona, ts'ebetsong ea mocheso oa infrared, mohloli o loketseng oa mahlaseli a kotsi o tlameha ho khethoa ho ea ka mofuta oa ntho e futhumetseng, e le hore matla a mahlaseli a matla a kenngoe ka har'a leqhubu la mocheso oa ntho e futhumetseng, e le ho fumana mocheso o motle. phello.
Ho futhumatsa ha motlakase oa motlakase ha e le hantle ke mokhoa o khethehileng oa ho futhumatsa mocheso, ke hore, mohloli oa mahlaseli o entsoe ka thepa e kang tungsten, tšepe-nickel kapa nickel-chromium alloy e le radiator.Ha e matlafalitsoe, e hlahisa mahlaseli a mocheso ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha eona ho futhumatsa.Mehloli ea mahlaseli a futhumatsang a motlakase a sebelisoang ka tloaelo ke mofuta oa lebone (mofuta oa reflection), mofuta oa tube (mofuta oa quartz tube) le mofuta oa poleiti (mofuta oa planar).Mofuta oa lebone ke lebone la infrared le nang le khoele ea tungsten e le radiator, 'me khoele ea tungsten e tiisitsoe ka khetla ea khalase e tletseng khase e sa sebetseng, joalo ka tleloubu e tloaelehileng ea mabone.Ka mor'a hore radiator e matlafatsoe, e hlahisa mocheso (thempereichara e tlaase ho feta ea mabone a tloaelehileng a mabone), kahoo e ntša mahlaseli a mangata a infrared a nang le leqhubu la maqhubu a ka bang 1.2 microns.Haeba lera le khanyang le koahetsoe leboteng le ka hare la khetla ea khalase, mahlaseli a infrared a ka tsepamisoa le ho khabisoa ka lehlakoreng le le leng, kahoo mohloli oa mahlaseli a mofuta oa lebone o boetse o bitsoa radiator ea infrared e bonahatsang.The tube ea mofuta oa tube-mofuta oa mahlaseli a mahlaseli a kotsi a entsoe ka khalase ea quartz e nang le terata ea tungsten bohareng, kahoo e boetse e bitsoa quartz tube-type infrared radiator.Bolelele ba khanya ea infrared e hlahisoang ke mofuta oa lebone le mofuta oa tube bo maemong a 0.7 ho isa ho 3 microns, 'me mocheso o sebetsang o batla o le tlase.Bokaholimo ba mahlaseli a mohloli oa mahlaseli a mofuta oa poleiti ke sebaka se bataletseng, se entsoeng ka poleiti ea ho hanyetsa e bataletseng.Karolo e ka pele ea poleiti ea ho hanyetsa e koahetsoe ka thepa e nang le coefficient e kholo ea ho bonahatsa, 'me lehlakoreng le ka morao le koahetsoe ka thepa e nang le coefficient e nyenyane ea ho bonahatsa, kahoo boholo ba matla a mocheso a hlahisoa ka pele.Thempereichara ea ho sebetsa ea mofuta oa poleiti e ka fihla ho feta 1000 ℃, 'me e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho kopanya thepa ea tšepe le litšepe tsa liphaephe le lijana tsa bophara bo boholo.
Hobane mahlaseli a infrared a na le matla a matla a ho phunyeletsa, a kenngoa habonolo ke lintho, 'me hang ha a kenngoa ke lintho, hang-hang a fetoloa matla a mocheso;tahlehelo ea matla pele le ka mor'a ho futhumatsa ha infrared e nyane, mocheso o bonolo ho o laola, 'me boleng ba ho futhumatsa bo phahame.Ka hona, tšebeliso ea mocheso oa infrared e tsoetse pele ka potlako.
Ho futhumatsa ka Bohareng
Thepa ea insulating e futhumatsoa ke sebaka se phahameng sa motlakase.Ntho e ka sehloohong ea ho futhumatsa ke dielectric.Ha dielectric e behiloe lebaleng la motlakase le fapanyetsanang, e tla polarized khafetsa (tlas'a ts'ebetso ea lebala la motlakase, bokaholimo kapa bokahare ba dielectric bo tla ba le litefiso tse lekanang le tse fapaneng), ka hona ho fetola matla a motlakase tšimong ea motlakase hore e be teng. matla a mocheso.
Khafetsa ea tšimo ea motlakase e sebelisetsoang ho futhumatsa dielectric e phahame haholo.Ka har'a lihlopha tse mahareng, tse khuts'oane le tsa "ultra-short-wave", maqhubu a tsoang ho li-kilohertz tse makholo a 'maloa ho isa ho 300 MHz, e bitsoang mocheso o phahameng oa maqhubu a mahareng.Haeba e phahame ho feta 300 MHz mme e fihla sehlopheng sa microwave, e bitsoa microwave medium heat.Hangata mocheso o phahameng oa dielectric o etsoa tšimong ea motlakase pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli tsa polar;ha mocheso oa dielectric oa microwave o etsoa ka waveguide, sekoti sa resonant kapa tlas'a mahlaseli a mahlaseli a mahlaseli a antenna ea microwave.
Ha dielectric e futhumatsoa sebakeng sa motlakase o nang le maqhubu a phahameng, matla a motlakase a kenngoa ka tekanyo ea yuniti ke P=0.566fEεrtgδ×10 (W/cm)
Haeba e hlahisoa ka mocheso, e ka ba:
H=1.33fEertgδ×10 (cal/sec·cm)
moo f e leng makhetlo a mangata a sebaka sa motlakase se phahameng, εr ke tumello e lekanyelitsoeng ea dielectric, δ ke dielectric loss angle, 'me E ke matla a tšimo ea motlakase.E ka bonoa ho latela mokhoa oa hore matla a motlakase a monngoang ke dielectric ho tloha sebakeng sa motlakase oa maqhubu a phahameng a lekana le lisekoere tsa matla a tšimo ea motlakase E, maqhubu a f a sebaka sa motlakase, le angle ea tahlehelo δ ea dielectric. .E le f li khethoa ke sebaka sa motlakase se sebelisoang, ha εr e itšetlehile ka thepa ea dielectric ka boeona.Ka hona, lintho tse futhumatsang bohareng ke haholo-holo lintho tse nang le tahlehelo e kholo ea mahareng.
Ka mocheso oa dielectric, kaha mocheso o hlahisoa ka har'a dielectric (ntho e lokelang ho futhumatsoa), lebelo la ho futhumatsa le potlakile, ho sebetsa hantle ha mocheso ho phahame, 'me ho futhumatsa ho tšoana hantle ha ho bapisoa le mocheso o mong oa ka ntle.
Ho futhumatsa mecha ea litaba ho ka sebelisoa indastering ho futhumatsa li-gels tse futhumatsang, lijo-thollo tse omeletseng, pampiri, lehong le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa fiber;e ka boela ea chesa li-plastiki pele li bōptjoa, hammoho le vulcanization ea rabara le tlamahano ea lehong, polasetiki, joalo-joalo Ka ho khetha maqhubu a motlakase a loketseng a tšimo le sesebelisoa, hoa khoneha ho futhumatsa sekhomaretsi feela ha ho futhumatsa plywood, ntle le ho ama plywood ka boeona. .Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa homogeneous, ho futhumatsa ka bongata hoa khoneha.
Jiangsu Weineng Electric Co., Ltd ke moetsi oa litsebi oa mefuta e fapaneng ea heater ea motlakase ea indasteri, ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e hlophisitsoe fekthering ea rona, ka kopo o ka arolelana litlhoko tsa hau tse qaqileng, ebe re ka lekola lintlha mme ra u etsetsa moralo.
Ikopanye le: Lorena
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Nako ea poso: Mar-11-2022